Although Windows 7 contains a backup utility you can
use to protect your data, and you may use a network drive that’s backed
up every night for your data, or a mirror drive, blackouts and power
outages (and the data loss they cause) can happen anywhere, any time. In
addition to regular backups, in mission-critical settings, you should
be concerned about keeping power going to your PC during its normal
operation.
Tip
If you don’t have enough
open slots to install all extra adapter(s) needed for multiple monitors,
look into quad-link video adapter cards that support four monitors
(most modern cards support two these days). You can also buy USB monitor
adapters if you prefer. |
A battery backup unit (also called a UPS, which is short for uninterruptible power supply)
provides battery power to your system for as long as an hour, which is
more than enough time for you to save your data and shut down your
system. A UPS plugs into the wall (and can act as a surge suppressor),
and your computer and monitor plug in to outlets on the rear of the UPS.
Electronic circuitry in the UPS continually
monitors AC line voltage; should that voltage rise above or dip below
predefined limits or fail entirely, the UPS takes over, powering the
computer with its built-in battery and cutting off the computer from the
AC wall outlet.
As you might imagine, preventing data loss
requires the system’s response time to be very fast. As soon as AC power
gets flaky, the UPS has to take over within a few milliseconds, at
most. Many (but not all) UPS models feature a serial (COM) or USB cable,
which attaches to an appropriate port on your system. This cable sends
signals to your computer to inform it when the battery backup has taken
over and tells it to start the shutdown process; some units may also
broadcast a warning message over the network to other computers. Such
units are often called intelligent UPSs.
Tip
If the UPS you purchase
(or already own) doesn’t come with Windows 7–specific drivers for
shutdown and warning features, contact the vendor for a software update. |
Windows 2000 and XP had a function called Windows
2000 UPS Services. This was a service that monitored a serial port for a
warning signal from a UPS. If the UPS signaled that a power
irregularity had occurred and power was about to go down, an event or
series of events could be triggered. Typical events were such things as
running a program or sending out an alert to all users or admins on a
server about impending doom. The message could alert users to save their work and power down their computers, for example.
Well, this service was removed in Windows Vista,
and is likewise missing in Windows 7. What we have now is effectively
what laptop computers have—a power profile that includes battery
settings. It’s not different—it just works on a desktop PC.
If your UPS doesn’t have provisions for automatic
shutdown, its alarm will notify you when the power fails. Shut down the
computer yourself after saving any open files, grab a flashlight, and
relax until the power comes back on.
Ideally, all workstations assigned to serious
tasks (what work isn’t serious?) should have UPS protection of some
kind. Although it’s true that well-designed programs such as Microsoft
Office have autobackup options that help to restore files in progress if
the power goes out, they are not always reliable. Crashes and weird
performance of applications and OSs are enough to worry about, without
adding power losses to the mix. And if power fails during a disk write,
you might have a rude awakening, because the hard disk’s file system
could be corrupted, which is far worse than losing a file or two.
Luckily, with NTFS and previous versions and other Windows 7 hard disk features, this is less of a specter than it used to be, but still....
My advice is that you guard against power
outages, power spikes, and line noise, at all reasonable cost. With the
ever-increasing power and plummeting cost of notebook computers, one of
the most economically sensible solutions is to purchase notebook
computers instead of desktop computers, especially for users who change
locations frequently. They take up little space, are easier to configure
because the hardware complement cannot be easily altered, and have UPSs
built in. When the power fails, the battery takes over.
Tip
When using laptops, be
sure your batteries are working. Over time, they can lose their capacity
to hold a charge. You should cycle them once in a while to see how long
they last. If necessary, replace them. Also, set up the power options
on all laptops to save to disk (hibernate) in case of impending power
loss. You’ll typically want to set hibernation to kick in when 5% to 10%
of battery power remains, to ensure that the hard disk can start up (if
sleeping) and write system state onto disk. |
If you use Windows 7 systems as servers, you’ll certainly want UPS support on those. In place of Windows 2000 UPS Services mentioned
previously, today’s USB-based UPS systems often come with proprietary
programs that sit on top of the capable innards of the built-in Windows 7
event monitor and can work all kinds of magic, signaling users,
broadcasting messages about problems or status, and so on, as the
battery begins to run down. Users can be warned to save their work and
shut down (assuming they are running on a power source that is also
functional, of course).
In addition to protecting your hardware
investment from the ravages of lightning storms and line spikes, a UPS
confers the added advantage of alerting a remote administrator of
impending server or workstation shutdowns so that appropriate measures
can be taken.
Choosing a UPS
Before
shelling out any hard-earned dough for UPS systems, check to see which
ones work with Windows 7. Consult the Windows Logo’d Products List on
the Microsoft site. Also, consider these questions:
Do you want a separate UPS for every workstation, or one larger UPS that can power a number of computers from a single location?
Which kind of UPS do you need? There are three levels of UPS: standby, line interactive, and online. Standby
is the cheapest. The power to the computer comes from the AC line just
as it normally does, but if the power drops or sags, the batteries take
over. There is typically a surge protector filter in the circuit to
protect your computer. Line interactive
UPS units can handle temporary voltage sags without sapping the
batteries, using clever electronics to stabilize voltage levels. This
keeps your batteries topped up and ready in case of an outage. Online
UPS systems constantly convert AC to DC, filter and clean up the
signal, and then convert it back to AC. The result is super-clean power
without spikes or sags. Batteries take over, of course, immediately in
all three types, if there is a power loss.
What
UPS capacity does each computer need? The answer depends on the power
draw of the computer itself, the size of the monitor, and whether you
want peripherals to run off the battery, too. To protect your network
fully, you should also install a UPS on network devices such as routers,
hubs, bridges, modems, telephones, printers, and other network
equipment. Check the real-world specs for the UPS. Its capacity is also
determined by how long you want the UPS to operate after a complete
power outage. If you just want enough time for you or another user to
save work, a relatively small UPS will do. If you want to get through a
day’s work doing stock trades, you’ll need a hefty unit. UPS units are
rated in VA (volt-amperes) and watts. You should either measure your
equipment’s actual power draw or select a UPS with a wattage rating that
significantly exceeds the wattage rating on your gear. You’ll also want
to know how long the UPSs can run at the wattage your system draws.
Read the vendor’s battery life specifications carefully, and consider
the typical length for power outages in your area. Also, compare
warranties on units. You will have to replace the batteries every couple
of years. How expensive is that? Are the batteries user replaceable?
Tip
Network hardware and
modems should be powered by the UPS, but printers should not. Laser
printers, in particular, draw so much power that the actual runtime for a
given UPS unit will be just a fraction of what it would be if the laser
printer were left out of the UPS circuit. Because systems can store
print jobs as temporary files until a printer is available to take them,
there’s no need to waste precious battery power to keep a printer
running through a blackout. |
Get a unit with an alarm: You want one that is smart enough to interact with a PC and network to emit alerts or other messages.
What
software support do you want? Do you need to keep a log of UPS activity
during the day for later analysis? What about utilities that test the
UPS on a regular basis to ensure it’s working?
Installing and Configuring a UPS
If
you plan to use a UPS that doesn’t support signaling to the computer
via a data cable, you needn’t worry about the following settings because
they won’t make any difference. Simply plug your PC into the UPS and
then plug the UPS into a wall outlet. Do your work at the computer. One
day you’ll notice that all lights in the room go off, but the computer
stays on. That’s your moment of grace. Save your work and shut down or
hibernate the PC.
Caution
If by chance your UPS is a
serial-cable unit, be aware that normal serial cables do not work to
connect a UPS to a Windows 7 machine. UPS serial cables, even between
models from the same manufacturer, use different pin assignments. It’s
best to use the cable supplied by the UPS maker. |
If your UPS is smarter (and it should be),
simply install it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Typically, you connect the UPS to the power source, the computer to the
UPS, and the USB between the UPS and the computer. After successful
installation, you’ll have a battery icon in your system tray near the
clock, just like on a laptop.
Now all you have to do is tell your system what
to do during various cases of battery failure. Your system will
constantly monitor the condition of the battery, just as a laptop does.
So, if the AC power fails, presumably the UPS switches on, and your PC
keeps running. Then, the power profile you use comes into play. Here’s
how to fine-tune your profile:
1. | Click Start, Control Panel, Hardware and Sound, Power Options.
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2. | Under Select a Power Plan, choose the power plan you want. Under that plan, click Change Plan Settings.
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3. | In the next dialog box, click Change Advanced Power Settings. You’ll see the dialog box shown in Figure 1.
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4. | Click
the + next to the Low Battery Action and the Critical Battery Action
and set what you want your PC to do when the power gets low. I suggest
Hibernate, not Sleep, because Sleep will keep only your data intact as
long as battery power is available. Shut Down is the next best option,
but not very good, because if you are not present, unsaved work may be
lost when the system shuts down.
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5. | Set
the Low Battery Notification to On for both Plugged In and On Battery.
This way, if the battery level is getting low (perhaps due to a worn-out
or defective battery), you’ll be notified.
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6. | Set
the Low Battery Action for Plugged In, too, to be extra cautious. For
example, you might want the computer to notify you that the power is low
and then hibernate or shut down.
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7. | Set
the Low Battery Level and the Critical Battery Level after considering
your computer’s power needs and the capacity of your power supply. I
like to play it safe and set Critical to 10% and have the computer
hibernate at that point. Then I can wait out the blackout, replace the
UPS or battery if necessary, and start back up right where I left off.
It takes a few minutes to hibernate sometimes, so make sure you have
enough energy in your battery to keep everything working during the
wind-down.
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Testing Your UPS Configuration
Testing your UPS configuration from time to time
is wise, to make sure you aren’t left powerless when a real emergency
occurs. Follow these steps:
1. | Close any open documents or programs.
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2. | Simulate
a power failure by disconnecting the power to the UPS device. After
disconnecting the power to the UPS device, check that the computer and
peripherals connected to the UPS device continue operating and a warning
message appears onscreen.
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3. | Wait until the UPS battery reaches a low level, at which point a system shutdown should occur.
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4. | Restore power to the UPS device. |